Risk Management Essay Example for Free

Hazard Management Essay The organization creates its power at the Niagara Falls and conveys it to different Canadian territories and the United States. Established in 1906 as the Hydro-Electric Power Commission, the organization was later renamed to Ontario Hydro in 1974. In 1998, the common government passed the â€Å"Energy Competition Act†. Ontario Hydro was rebuilt into two separate associations: a force age utility and a joined transmission/conveyance business to be called Hydro one. 2. Hydro One’s Strategy and dangers Hydro Ones procedure has changed a great deal during the most recent years. As a matter of first importance, the organization thought they realized what was best for their clients. In the long run their center changed into a more client based system. With the adjustment in their concentration in tending to the necessities of their clients, consumer loyalty has, in certain regions, multiplied. In spite of the fact that outcomes have been sure, issues for the power gracefully later on might diminish the fulfillment of the clients. In the corporate hazard profile drifts, the power gracefully has gotten probably the greatest hazard with a rating of ‘virtually certain’. Just â€Å"government strategy uncertainty† and â€Å"getting the work done† have a similar degree of hazard. In the effect likelihood chance guide of the firm, obviously issues with the power gracefully are very plausible and that the size is impressively huge. There’s consistently a danger of new blackouts, which can influence more than 100. 000 clients for over seven days in the most dire outcome imaginable. Most pessimistic scenario assumptions regarding the administration quality records anticipate that solitary 25% of the general expected presentation will be accomplished when the most ideal situation predicts 95%: it is now very sure that the 100% accomplishment will be inconceivable. Another huge issue in Hydro One’s procedure is cost productivity. Because of its maturing resources, the organization needed to concentrate on reducing expenses. This activity brought about Rating Agencies improving Hydros rating on its drawn out obligation to An, A2 and A (high), individually. Then again, workers challenged these measures by a significant 18 weeks strike. Tragically, lessening unit expenses to its ideal level may flop at long last. Just in the minor case situation the unit costs are not diminished, different situations foresee an expansion of 5 to over 25%. Modest power urged Canadian customers to expand their acquisition of vitality concentrated shopper gadgets. Hydro One needed to adapt to this expanded interest on its maturing resources, so it propelled a functioning protection and request the board program. Along these lines, Hydro One is attempted protection activities, regardless of their antagonistic effect on the companys incomes and profit. Power flexibly is probably the greatest hazard; the previous Pikangihum boss even referenced the issue to turn on Christmas lights. The vision that CEO Formusa embraced in a vital arrangement is to make Hydro One the best transmission and dispersion business in North America. This vision would be accomplished by having the best security record on the planet, top quartile transmission and dispersion unwavering quality, 90% consumer loyalty over all fragments, top quartile worker profitability, working proficiency and an A FICO assessment. The CEO additionally proposed to connect and arrange a drawn out arrangement with the associations. The dangers concerning security were large from 2002 till 2004 yet are under progressively leveled out since 2005. 3. Significant drivers to begin with ERM at Hydro One As a major aspect of the firm’s side project from the past Ontario Hydro and in planning of an IPO, the administration and leading group of Hydro One set significant standards for being a prescribed procedures association with unrivaled corporate administration and business direct. In planning of the IPO, they reacted to the necessity of the Toronto Stock Exchange for recorded organizations to actualize vital hazard the board. In spite of this IPO had to an end in the Ontario Superior Court, Hydro One kept on following their worth creation procedure including the execution of ERM and a hazard based venture arranging framework. Simultaneously, the administration of Ontario represented another test that must be tended to with a booked deregulation of the power markets including preservation activities. Other new strategies in the vitality business like carbon enactment, the appropriation of sustainable advances and environmental change presented new dangers and openings. In a word, the expanded examination on corporate administration required an extensive hazard the board program. 4. Various phases of Hydro One’s ERM process Hydro One presented a three-stage chance administration program: In stage one, a hazard supervisory crew sorts out a progression of intuitive hazard workshops so as to make the representatives of the firm acquainted with the companies’ key vital destinations and the chief dangers looked by the association. Before these workshops, the hazard group made a rundown of 60-70 possible dangers or dangers to the business. This rundown was messaged to the taking part the board. In light of their input, the hazard group abbreviates the rundown to 8-10 dangers. These shortlisted hazards at that point are talked about during the workshops. In stage two, the hazard group readies a corporate hazard profile report for the official group two times per year, in January and July. In this report, the chief dangers confronting the association are summed up. The central hazard official directs a progression of balanced meetings with the best 30 to 40 top administrators to audit the corporate hazard profile. This half-yearly observing and audit of hazard is significant inside the ERM procedure, since dangers don't stay static. In stage 3, during the yearly arranging process, the venture arranging office and the hazard supervisory group together build up a methodology for dispensing assets to organized speculation venture recommendations dependent on the dangers distinguished. The CFO contends that taking a gander at speculation recommendations from a hazard the executives perspective gives high perceivability to capital consumption arranging so as to let the top administration settle on the correct venture choices. 5. Up-and drawbacks of the ERM procedure Hydro One created venture hazard the executives in light of another corporate administration prerequisite. A positive thing about Hydro One’s ERM process is that it incorporates all layers of the association. Representatives need to partake in a progression of workshops to get familiar with the company’s destinations and their dangers. The strategy that Hydro One applies is organized, orderly and on a convenient premise which are for the most part key standards of hazard the executives. It gives an establishment to all hazard information over the association and conveys perceivability to this information. This has improved responsibility and control inside the organization. A huge advantage of the ERM procedure for Hydro One was that the organization accomplished a lower cost of obligation. Nonetheless, if the organization chooses to change its customer based procedure, it may be insightful to survey the ERM procedure and roll out some vital improvements. The company additionally utilizes the Delphi-strategy, which is a significant correspondence method when appropriately utilized. One needs to remember, while applying the Delphi technique, that the job of the director may not be belittled. It is he who needs to revamp the information. Subjectivity may assume a job, so it may be shrewd for Hydro One to discover another person than Fraser to deal with the hazard the executives exercises. At long last, ERM is more a perspective than a procedure or procedure. At the point when all layers of the organization have a common comprehension about the company’s targets and dangers, one can say the ERM procedure has been fruitful. Hydro One’s ERM procedure will doubtlessly breeze through this assessment. 6. System There are various structures accessible these occasions. Be that as it may, the ISO 31000 Framework is the best practice system since it is moderately simple to execute in an organization’s structure and still gives some great results for the organization. The Frameworks are utilized to encourage the usage of the ERM procedure into an association. The center of the ISO 31000 Framework is the Risk Management Process (RMP). RMP comprises of five significant assignments. Further, the ISO 31000 Framework includes Management Information System (MIS). Hazard the board exercises ought to be recorded. Along these lines, it is simpler to realize which moves are made to counter the hazard dangers. The organization will have the option to respond in a quicker manner to significant changes in factors that could influence the association. Another significant element of the Framework can be found in Commit and Mandate. It is imperative to completely intergrate the ERM procedure in the association. Each specialist or partner ought to be engaged with the ERM procedure. Correspondence and conference are key components in each association. Be that as it may, to actualize the ERM procedure, correspondence turns out to be much increasingly significant. Speaking with every one of your partners is essential. Everybody should know about the conceivable hazard the organization is confronting and the moves that are made to relieve these dangers. The following significant procedure of the ISO 31000 Framework is Accountability. For each distinguished dangers, the organization should allot an administrator as hazard proprietor. They have to clarify who is liable for which hazard. Clearly, every specialist or partner needs to take part during the time spent countering dangers. Obviously the ERM procedure ought to be checked and inspected constantly. On account of a quick changing monetary world, the ERM procedure ought to be adjusted to these conditions. 6. 1 Establishing the setting Hydro One is attempting to have the option to fulfill the serious need in sweltering climate springs and summers. Because of the maturing framework, Hydro One is confronting high support and developing expenses. While they were intending to present cost-cutting activities they ha

Aspects of intercultural communication in international business Essay

Whats in an App Optional Essay COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Whats in an App Optional Essay COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog As you sit staring at your computer screen, you glance at the clock, it’s almost 2:30 AM. You have just enough time to finish up your SIPA application, and get some sleep before your 9AM staff meeting. Is it really necessary to complete the optional essay? It has the word OPTIONAL in it after all. Is the option of doing it really worth an extra couple hours of sleep? Something along the lines of the hypothetical above has played out in many a SIPA Applicants mind. What is the utility of completing the Optional Essay? The answer is that the Optional Essay gives you the most optionality in furthering your SIPA application. The primary purpose is to address an aspect of your application that you feel may require a more in depth explanation. By all means, if your application is perfect, don’t waste the time of the admissions committee or yourself. Yet with the range of unique and varied applicants that SIPA attracts, there is rarely a cookie cutter story, or at least a narrative that doesn’t require a bit more depth than the standardized application essays provide. Was there a rough semester during your undergrad? Did you have a gap in your resume while you were training to climb Kilimanjaro? Was there a run-in with the authorities during that summer trip through Europe? Use the optional essay to address unique circumstances that you don’t think reflect accurately on your ability to succeed at SIPA. Nobody is perfect. SIPA students have varied life experiences, and are shaped by them all, good and bad. However, just maybe, you are perfect, or you appear to be on paper. In that case, you may use the optional essay to expand upon a unique strength that can’t be captured in other parts of the application. This could include such things as a volunteer experience, a specific honor or award, or relevant professional project. Whatever it is, it should be something that you feel especially captures the perspective you bring as a potential SIPA student, and it cant be conveyed properly through the other parts of the application. In terms of format, we don’t want to read “War and Peace. Please keep it to the 400 word limit. Additionally, applicants do not have to stick to one aspect or point, feel free to utilize a more free flowing narrative than you would for your other application essays. Style wise, certainly be straightforward and to the point, but it may be appropriate to explain what you learned from a negative experience. Perhaps there was a particular difficult or negative experience that in fact made you a stronger, resilient, and wiser SIPA applicant. We want to get to know who you are as a person, and the optional essay may be an important tool to explain aspects of your background.

The Declaration Of Independence And The United States...

There are several roles that the United States government undertakes, and principle among these roles is the role of protector. The United States government (hereafter referred to as â€Å"government†) is charged with protecting its citizens from dangers, both foreign and domestic. The Declaration of Independence is the first to highlight the government’s role as protector by stating that all people have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and â€Å"to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men† (2). The Constitution then further explains how the government is to secure these rights, and provides an in-depth list of rights, the Amendments, which are derived from the principle three: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To fulfill its role as protector, the government must be forceful, and enforce its laws. However, the government cannot enforce its laws on law-abiding citizens; therefore, it must enforce its laws on la w-breaking citizens. In addition to enforcing the law on law-breaking citizens, the government’s role as protector requires that the government ensures that foreign individuals cannot harm Americans or American interests. Now more than ever are the defenses against foreign threats important to Americans; this passion and fear emanates from 9/11, the largest terror attack on American soil. After 9/11, the Bush administration convinced Congress to pass a law known as â€Å"The Patriot Act†. There are two important functions to theShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration of Independence: Americas Foundation Essay example1229 Words   |  5 Pagesissue the Declaration of Independence being a legal document has been up for debate in courts for many years now. Although, the Declaration of Independence clarifies the United States identity as a free nation, it has generated intense controversy. Some feel strongly that it did not clearly define the new powers that the thirteen colonies would acquire and did not define the identity of the United States; while, others firmly believe that without the Declaration of Independence the United States wouldRead MoreA comparison of the United States Constitution And The Declaration of Independence712 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The United States Constitution and The Declaration of Independence are two of America s most famous documents that laid the foundation for it s independence as a nation and separation from British rule. The following paper will compare these two documents and decipher the difference of the two. While both Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution contain important information regarding America s independence they are also different in many respects. DraftedRead MoreGovernmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 4, 1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed a profoundRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence1200 Words   |  5 Pages The Declaration of Independence is one of the most remarkable documents of the United States of America. The elaborate document contains almost fourteen-hundred words including a basic structure divided into two parts and within the two divided parts contains four main ideas within seven components. The declaration is not just any standard written document; it is a work of art painted by colonists who are driven by rage because of King George III of Great Britain injustices’ toward the coloniesRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By Great Britain882 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury Baptists are three significant documents that played a major role in the founding of our nation. The documents are important on their own as they cut ties with a large country, establish a new country, and enforce the rights of its citizens. However, they are just important as a set as they show the growth and strength of a nation in its infancy. The Declaration of Independence The DeclarationRead MoreEssay On The Declaration Of Independence778 Words   |  4 Pages1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by the founding fathers, thus implementing the foundation of the American government. The Declaration of Independence represents great significance in the history of the United States due to its influence throughout time. The Declaration signifies the rebellion against the British Parliament and the unification of the colonies in the fight for equality, liberty, and justice. Furthermore, the Declaration established a new form of government whereinRead MoreDocumentations That Made Up The United States Of America1749 Words   |  7 Pagesup the United States of America On June 11, 1776, the Second Continental Congress met at Carpenter Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where five men were appointed to be a part of a comity to write the Declaration of Independence and become liberated from the British government. The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in American history. It tells the major ideas that the Founders had about government. Eventually, after several rough drafts of the Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson1670 Words   |  7 Pagesin Philadelphia, Pennsylvania where five men were appointed to be a part of a comity to write the Declaration of Independence and become liberated from the British government. The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents in American history. It tells the major ideas that the Founders had about government. Eventually, after several rough drafts of the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson, a fin al draft was written and finally approved by the Second Continental CongressRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The American Declaration Of Independence1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Constitution and the American Declaration of Independence The Constitution of the United States of America is always touted and considered by many across the globe as one of the most liberal and people-friendly Constitutions in the world over. This assertion flows from the lofty language with which the document was written by its drafters and further inherent in the subsequent amendments. It represents the supreme law of the U.S, having been promulgated back in 1778. On the otherRead MoreThe Declaration, Facts And Emotions909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration, Facts and Emotions for Independence The 4th of July, the United States of America’s very-own birthday, a day of celebration of its citizens God-given rights and liberties, and its independence from the crown of Great Britain. If America was â€Å"born† on the 4th of July in the year 1776, then The Declaration of Independence could be considered its very own birth certificate. The Declaration of Independence, as time has proven, is one of the most successful arguments ever made by The Declaration Of Independence And The United States... The Declaration of Independence contended the United States should be established as a country free from British control, the U.S. Constitution is a set of rules for that nation to follow, and Mark Twain’s As Regards Patriotism examines how these two documents affect the mindset of this country. Groupthink, not a word use in 1900, when Twain penned his essay, is a good analogy of what he was discussing. Psychology Today says, â€Å"Groupthink occurs when a group values harmony and coherence over accurate analysis and critical evaluation. It causes individual members of the group to unquestioningly follow the word of the leader and it strongly discourages any disagreement with the consensus.† In As Regards Patriotism, Twain talks about how training creates belief, and one belief can be patriotism, â€Å"A man can seldom—very, very seldom—fight a winning fight against his training; the odds are too heavy.† Americans have been trained to belie ve that the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution are the epitome of the American ideal. The Declaration of Independence tells us, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed† the U.S. Constitution, on the other hand,Show MoreRelatedPresident Bush And The Declaration Of Independence1546 Words   |  7 Pagespeople has been seen for decades, even before gaining our independence from the British. Our nation as a whole is not easily deterred; there is no challenge or obstacle too big for Americans to overcome. Over our whole existence as a country, that statement has held true, no tragedy or rivalry has been able to damage that. â€Å"Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People† by President Bush and â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† by Thomas Jefferson are examples of Americans overcomingRead MoreThe United States Of America1340 Words   |  6 Pagesjourney of how the United States of America became the United States of America is a very complex one. With America declaring separation from the Great English Empire, to the organization of becoming a free, sovereign nation and lastly, the migration and colonization of the now, western United States, including the great state of Nevada, has many components. The Declaration of Independence initiated the process of becoming a country of its own. This Document pushed the separation from England and showedRead MoreThe Significance of the Declaration Of Independence1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is the most important and oldest document in the United State’s History. The Declaration was drafted and signed to announce our Decl aration Of Independence from Great Britain, by saying, â€Å" The United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free andRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence, Immigration Policy And The Constitution929 Words   |  4 Pagesgained the most interest from me was; The Declaration of Independence, Immigration Policy and The Constitution. Throughout this essay I will discuss why I found these topics interesting. The first topic I will discuss is The Declaration of Independence. According to the Heritage Foundation the Declaration of Independence is the founding document of the American political tradition. It articulates the fundamental ideas that form the American nation: All men are created free and equal and possess theRead MoreAnalysis of the Declaration of Independence Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson was made in order to give the colonists a way to break free from the shackles of King George. This document has affected the building blocks of the United States and is one of the most important documents in U.S. history. The Declaration of Independance was the foundation of what this country was based on. However, what Jefferson and the other signers might not have expected is the strech, the firmRead MoreThe British Of The Colonists1260 Words   |  6 PagesIn the 1700s, the Colonists were enraged how the British Parliament were treating them. The British Parliament had been constantly ignoring their rights and forcing taxes upon the colonies. This set an outroar in the colonies, especially in Massachusetts. Parliament had created new laws that limited the Massachusetts-bay in shipping and landing goods and also an act that for a better regulation government in this providence. All of the colonists deemed this as â€Å"Impoliti c, unjust, and cruel, as wellRead MoreThe American Revolution Was a Major Turning Point885 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, to become the United States of America. It fundamentally changed the American society politically, socially and economically by the establishments of the Declaration of Independence and conflicts over stronger states rights or stronger central government, paper currency, womens rights and slavery. The American Revolution brought enormousRead MoreMoments Of History : Jessica Miller, Fingerlakes Community College1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe coasts of the landâ€Å", according to (Foner.p 8). The first foreign countries to settle and steal the land away from the natives were Britain, Spain, and France. Britain claimed majority of the east coasts after thousands of immigrants and settlers crossed the Atlantic Ocean to escape religion, poverty, and looked from jobs. Several migrations occurred throughout history, but early settlement in the Americas later formed British thirteen colonies. The thirteen colonies started in Virginia and wereRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States897 Words   |  4 Pages The Declaration of Independence stated the United States should be established as a country, free from British control, the U.S. Constitution is a set of rules for that nation to follow, and Mark Twain’s As Regards Patriotism examines how these two documents affect the mindset of this country. Groupthink, not a word use in 1900, when Twain penned his essay, but it is a good analogy of what he was discussing. Psychology Today says, â€Å"Groupthink occurs when a group values harmony and coherenceRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence Essay5844 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (1776) Thomas Jefferson Context The Declaration of Independence,  completed and signed in July of 1776, marked the official separation between the 13 colonies and Great Britain. An armed struggle between the colonies and Britain had begun just over a year before, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The formal declaration of independence established the new American revolutionary government and officially declared war against Great Britain. The primary The Declaration Of Independence And The United States... Two of the most important documents in United States history, are the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. The Declaration of Independence was a catalyst that helped to shape America to what it is today: a nation where its core values are still defined, and where life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness still thrive in the American people. The rights that people possess are called natural rights, these were the standards for a human life and were not dependent of any government or a culture. After four years of American triumph in the Revolutionary War, to make another contract for overseeing the stabilization of the country, representatives â€Å"established delegates in the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention† (Carey 40). In drafting the Constitution, the greater part of the Founding Fathers trusted that the defenses composed into it would secure the privileges of Americans. When the Constitution was sent to the states in 1787 for confirmation , an incredible thunder of dissatisfaction went up. Different Americans from various states requested that a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution. Various states approved the Constitution just restrictively. They would favor the Constitution just on the chance that it was changed to incorporate these rights (Carey 40). After reading Krugman’s â€Å"The Death of Horatio Alger,† Cox’s and Alm’s â€Å"By Our Own Bootstraps,† and Dalmia’s â€Å"Long Live the American Dream,† these articles inform the reader and give aShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence1246 Words   |  5 PagesD.O.I vs. US Constitution The United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two of the most important documents in American history. Despite being written only eleven years apart and influenced by many of the same founders, these two documents are very different from each other. To understand the two documents better, you must distinguish certain areas of comparison between them. The three areas of comparison, I will speculate and contrast will center on the main goals of theRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two of the most important documents in American history. Despite being written only eleven years apart and influenced by many of the same founders, these two documents are very different from each other. To understand the documents better, certain areas of comparison must be distinguished between them. The three areas of comparison I will speculat e and contrast will center on the main goals of the documents, certain key wordsRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States Constitution2242 Words   |  9 PagesThe Declaration of Independence was a new beginning for the thirteen colonies, formerly a part of the British empire. This document brought about a new understanding of how the country would be run. The Articles of Confederation were adopted November 15, 1777 and remained the sole form of government until it was replaced by the current United States Constitution in 1788 for its lack of efficiency in running the country. Federalists and Anti-Federalists argued endlessly over the pros and cons of theRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence1288 Words   |  6 Pagesled to the creation of the Declaration of Independence and prompt the American Revolution War. After the American Revolution War, Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the United States Constitution. T he United States Constitution is a document that consist of the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed. A state’s constitution is defined as a set of fundamental policies or organic laws according to a state. Pennsylvania’s Constitution of 1776 was considered theRead MoreA comparison of the United States Constitution And The Declaration of Independence712 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The United States Constitution and The Declaration of Independence are two of America s most famous documents that laid the foundation for it s independence as a nation and separation from British rule. The following paper will compare these two documents and decipher the difference of the two. While both Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution contain important information regarding America s independence they are also different in many respects. DraftedRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The American Declaration Of Independence1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Constitution and the American Declaration of Independence The Constitution of the United States of America is always touted and considered by many across the globe as one of the most liberal and people-friendly Constitutions in the world over. This assertion flows from the lofty language with which the document was written by its drafters and further inherent in the subsequent amendments. It represents the supreme law of the U.S, having been promulgated back in 1778. On the otherRead MoreBenjamin Franklin : The Declaration Of Independence And The Constitution Of The United States764 Words   |  4 PagesBenjamin Franklin (born January 17th) was one of the founding fathers who drafted the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. He was a man of many talents and accomplished many great feats during his lifetime. Being born on January 17th makes him fall under the influence of Saturn, Capricorn and number 8. He was very hardworking, ambitious and enterprising. Starting from 12 years old he helped his brother comp ose pamphlets and he would personally sell those on the streetRead MoreGovernmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 4, 1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed a profoundRead MoreComparison Paper GOVT200679 Words   |  3 PagesS. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two of the oldest documents in America and two of the most popular. These documents help to shape America and gave us freedom from the British government. The two documents contains very important information about o ur independence but they are different in many ways. In this paper I will compare the two documents and incorporate an outlook from the Christian biblical worldview. The U.S Constitution and the Declaration of Independence areRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence: Americas Foundation Essay example1229 Words   |  5 Pagesissue the Declaration of Independence being a legal document has been up for debate in courts for many years now. Although, the Declaration of Independence clarifies the United States identity as a free nation, it has generated intense controversy. Some feel strongly that it did not clearly define the new powers that the thirteen colonies would acquire and did not define the identity of the United States; while, others firmly believe that without the Declaration of Independence the United States would The Declaration Of Independence And The United States... The Declaration of Independence was a new beginning for the thirteen colonies, formerly a part of the British empire. This document brought about a new understanding of how the country would be run. The Articles of Confederation were adopted November 15, 1777 and remained the sole form of government until it was replaced by the current United States Constitution in 1788 for its lack of efficiency in running the country. Federalists and Anti-Federalists argued endlessly over the pros and cons of the two documents. The questions that arise are is the Constitution a radical change from the Articles or was it not so distinct? As well as, do both documents embody the Declaration or does one document do more so? The United States Constitution, which holds truer to the principles in the Declaration of Independence, is a radical change from the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution was a distinct change from the Articles, but similarities between the two do exist. Both documents were e stablished by the same people. The Continental Congress resided over the writing of both. Both documents refer to the country as â€Å"The United States of America.† The Articles of Confederation state in Article I, â€Å"The stile of this confederacy shall be ‘The United States of America† (Continental 155). As well the Preamble of the Constitution addresses citizens as â€Å"...People of the United States† (Philadelphia 171). Both documents were considered the official government of the United States, andShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence1246 Words   |  5 PagesD.O.I vs. US Constitution The United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two of the most important documents in American history. Despite being written only eleven years apart and influenced by many of the same founders, these two documents are very different from each other. To understand the two documents better, you must distinguish certain areas of comparison between them. The three areas of comparison, I will speculate and contrast will center on the main goals of theRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States Constitution Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesTwo of the most important documents in United States history, are the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. The Declaration of Independence was a catalyst that helped to shape America to what it is today: a nation where its core values are still defined, and where life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness still thrive in the American people. The rights that people possess are called n atural rights, these were the standards for a human life and were not dependent of anyRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two of the most important documents in American history. Despite being written only eleven years apart and influenced by many of the same founders, these two documents are very different from each other. To understand the documents better, certain areas of comparison must be distinguished between them. The three areas of comparison I will speculate and contrast will center on the main goals of the documents, certain key wordsRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The Declaration Of Independence1288 Words   |  6 Pagesled to the creation of the Declaration of Independence and prompt the American Revolution War. After the American Revolution War, Pennsylvania became the second state to ratify the United States Constitution . The United States Constitution is a document that consist of the fundamental laws and principles by which the United States is governed. A state’s constitution is defined as a set of fundamental policies or organic laws according to a state. Pennsylvania’s Constitution of 1776 was considered theRead MoreA comparison of the United States Constitution And The Declaration of Independence712 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The United States Constitution and The Declaration of Independence are two of America s most famous documents that laid the foundation for it s independence as a nation and separation from British rule. The following paper will compare these two documents and decipher the difference of the two. While both Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution contain important information regarding America s independence they are also different in many respects. DraftedRead MoreThe United States Constitution And The American Declaration Of Independence1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Constitution and the American Declaration of Independence The Constitution of the United States of America is always touted and considered by many across the globe as one of the most liberal and people-friendly Constitutions in the world over. This assertion flows from the lofty language with which the document was written by its drafters and further inherent in the subsequent amendments. It represents the supreme law of the U.S, having been promulgated back in 1778. On the otherRead MoreBenjamin Franklin : The Declaration Of Independence And The Constitution Of The United States764 Words   |  4 PagesBenjamin Franklin (born January 17th) was one of the founding fathers who drafted the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States. He was a man of many talents and accomplished many great feats during his lifetime. Being born on January 17th makes him fall under the influence of Saturn, Capricorn and number 8. He was very hardworking, ambitious and enterprising. Starting from 12 years old he helped his brother comp ose pamphlets and he would personally sell those on the streetRead MoreGovernmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 4, 1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed a profoundRead MoreComparison Paper GOVT200679 Words   |  3 PagesS. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two of the oldest documents in America and two of the most popular. These documents help to shape America and gave us freedom from the British government. The two documents contains very important information about o ur independence but they are different in many ways. In this paper I will compare the two documents and incorporate an outlook from the Christian biblical worldview. The U.S Constitution and the Declaration of Independence areRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence: Americas Foundation Essay example1229 Words   |  5 Pagesissue the Declaration of Independence being a legal document has been up for debate in courts for many years now. Although, the Declaration of Independence clarifies the United States identity as a free nation, it has generated intense controversy. Some feel strongly that it did not clearly define the new powers that the thirteen colonies would acquire and did not define the identity of the United States; while, others firmly believe that without the Declaration of Independence the United States would

Perl Array Splice() Function - Quick Tutorial

The Perl splice function takes the following form: Perls splice() function is used to cut out and return a chunk or portion of an array. The portion that is cut out starts at the OFFSET element of the array and continues for LENGTH elements. If the LENGTH is not specified, it will cut to the end of the array. Example of the Perl Splice Function Think of the myNames array as a row of numbered boxes, going from left to right, numbered starting with a zero. The splice() function would cut a chunk out of the myNames array starting with the element in the #1 position (in this case, Michael) and ending 3 elements later at Matthew. The value of someNames then becomes (Michael, Joshua, Matthew), and myNames is shortened to (Jacob, Ethan, Andrew). Using the Optional REPLACE_WITH As an option, you can replace the portion removed with another array by passing it in the REPLACE_WITH argument. In the above example, the splice() function would cut a chunk out of the myNames array starting with the element in the #1 position (in this case, Michael and ending 3 elements later at Matthew. It then replaces those names with the contents of the moreNames array. The value of someNames then becomes (Michael, Joshua, Matthew), and myNames is changed to (Jacob, Daniel, William, Joseph, Ethan, Andrew). You might want to check out some other Perl array functions such as reverse() to reverse the order of your array.

Benfords Law And Where It Came From - 1371 Words

Benford’s Law and where it came from? According to Oxford dictionary, Benford’s law is the principle that in any large, randomly produced set of natural numbers, such as tables of logarithms or corporate sales statistics, around 30 percent will begin with the digit 1, 18 percent with 2, and so on, with the smallest percentage beginning with 9. The law is applied in analyzing the validity of statistics and financial records. Benford’s law is a mathematical theory of leading digits that was discovered by American astronomer Simon Newcomb. In 1881 he have noticed, that the pages of logarithms book beginning with number 1 were more worn than pages dealing with higher digits. In comparison to pages starting with 1, they looked more clean and new. He calculated that the probability that a number has any particular non-zero first digit is: P(d)=Log10(1+1/d) Where: d is a number 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 or 9 And P is the probability. Using that formula he concluded that all digits don’t appear with equal frequency but number 1 appear as the first digit about 30 % of the time, as supposed to digit 9 that appear less than 5 % of the time. However, he didn’t provide any theoretical explanation for his phenomena he described and it was son forgotten. In 1938, Frank Benford, a physicist, also noticed nonuniform way of digit distribution. He attempted to test his hypothesis by collecting and analyzing his data. After having over 20,000 observations, he noticed that numbers fell into aShow MoreRelatedThe iranian Regime and Dehumanization1282 Words   |  5 Pagesreformist will not be approved. The 2009 election was between Mir Houssein Mousavi and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Mousavi was a reformist candidate. He supported changing the constitution, allowing privately owned television stations as well as changing law enforcement to the responsibility of the president as they are the representation of the people.( Iran Chamber Society Mir Houssein Mousavi: 2009) Ahmadinejad was the conservative candidate being endorsed by the Ayatollah. Ahmadinejad’s platform wasRead MoreReview of The Drunkards Walk - How Randomness Rules Our Lives by Mlodinow 3440 Words   |  14 Pagesflawed decision making. Lansing had good luck at the beginning and bad luck at the end. Chapter 2 The Laws of Truths and Half-Truths 1. What coined the term probability, or probabilis? (Latin: probabilis credible) Cicero’s principal legacy in the field of randomness is the term he used, probabilis, which is the origin of the term we employ today. But it is one part of the Roman code of law, the Digest, compiled by Emperor Justinian in the sixth century, that is the first document in which probabilityRead MoreThe And Internal Audit Of Public Sector Essay6738 Words   |  27 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Over the last several decades, Information Technology has developed from simple data input systems to complex Information Management systems that support managerial decision with relevant, reliable and timely information. This evolution has been characterized as a shift from automated system performing only accounting functions (payroll, accounts payable, general ledger etc.) to Information system that perform enterprise wide tasks that include accounting and auditingRead MoreMba Solved Assignment Papers52670 Words   |  211 Pagesin the form of discussion and results. Research and development is nowadays of great importance in business as the level of competition, production processes and methods are rapidly increasing. It is of special importance in the field of marketing where companies keep an eagle eye on competitors and customers in order to keep pace with modern trends and analyze the needs, demands and desires of their customers. Unfortunately, research and development are very difficult to manage, since the defining

Encoding Decoding Theory free essay sample

In the 1980’s, new audience theories saw the onset of ‘active audience’ theories, which came out of the Centre for Contemporary Critical Studies at the University of Birmingham, England. One of the major stimuli for the development of the active audience theory was British sociologist Stuart Hall’s well-known encoding/decoding model, which revolutionised the way in which audiences were regarded. Halls model highlights that although media messages are embedded with a ‘preferred reading’, audience interpretations of these texts is dependent upon the individual’s assumptions and social context. As such, this model prompted shifts towards qualitive studies of audiences thereafter. Stuart Halls seminal paper: Encoding/Decoding (1980), arose primarily from Halls reservation about the theories of communication underpinning mass communications research. Mass communications research became prevalent after the Second World War and was funded by commercial bodies wanting to know how to influence audiences more effectively through advertising. It worked on the assumption that the ‘media offered an unproblematic, benign reflection of society’. We will write a custom essay sample on Encoding Decoding Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the mass communications model, the sender (mass media) generates a message with fixed meaning, which is then communicated directly and transparently to the recipient (audience). Halls paper challenged all three components of the mass communications model arguing that – (i) the message is never transparent to audience (ii) meaning is not simply fixed or determined by sender; and (iii) the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning. Halls encoding/decoding theory, focus’s on the different ways audiences, generate, rather than discover meaning. Halls theory encompasses a number of what Hall terms as ‘moments’ (such as circulation/distribution) but is primarily concerned with the points of production/encoding and consumption/decoding. The linearity of traditional models ie – mass communication model, is replaced by a ‘circuit’. In the circuit the sender becomes the ‘producer’ and the receiver becomes the ‘consumer’. In the past, the ‘receiver’ was seen to have passive connotations leading to the conclusion of the communication process, however Halls theory sees consumption as an active process that can reproduce the original meaning that was sent. Consumption determines production just as production determines consumption’. According to Hall, encoding is a crucial moment of entry constructed by ‘material context of production of which it occurs’. Thus, Halls encoding/decoding theory is an ‘articulated model’ of communica tion, in which the audiences understanding of the message is not guaranteed at a particular moment of the circuit. In addition to the difficulty in identifying a particular moment of understanding by the audience during the communication process, is the difficulty of understanding the ‘preferred’ reading intended for the audience by the producers. According to Hall, ‘ideology of text is not guaranteed’ (Hall,1980) however the text is certainly not free of encoded structures. ‘Texts will always be inscribed with a particular social relations who produced them’ (Hall, 1980). According to Hall, texts establish a ‘dominant cultural order’ (Hall, 1980), which imposes a ‘taken for granted’ knowledge of social structures’. (Hall, 1980) The understanding of the text by the audience is known as the ‘decoding’ stage. In order for the encoded message to formulate overall meaning and have an influence on the audience, the viewer must decode it. Although media producers ‘encode’ certain meanings into media texts, the audiences ‘decode’ meanings in accordance with their own opinions, identity, and cultural knowledge. Thus, media texts are ‘polysemic’ and can be read in a number of ways. Furthermore, Hall stresses that although texts can be understood in different ways, an unlimited number of interpretations should not be assumed. Hall suggested that there are three kinds of hypothetical, ‘hegemonic’ decoding positions for the reader of a text: dominant, negotiated and oppositional. The first decoding position is the dominant or ‘hegemonic’ reading, when the audience decodes the message in the same position within which it was encoded. The audience fully accepts and reproduces its ‘preferred reading’, which could easily be a subconscious intention on the producers part. The second position is the negotiated position. In this position the audience might accept the hegemonic viewpoint on a general level, however its meaning may be manipulated by audiences beliefs or behaviour. It is a position mixed with ‘adaptive and oppositional’ elements. The third position is the oppositional position. In this position the audience decodes message in a ‘globally contrary way’ due to identity, opinion or social situation. The audience understands the preferred reading however does not share the texts code and rather rejects this reading by substituting the text with alternative structure of reference. The three positions outlined should be understood as part of a continuum across which the audience moves, rather than separates. Once an audience takes up a position this does not mean that they reject the other positions permanently. These positions are flexible and audience views are adaptable. The positions of the audience in Halls encoding/decoding theory were pointed out by him to be hypothetical and not intended ‘as prescriptive templates for studios of actual audiences. ’ Hall established these positions to be tested and refined in a continuing process to understand audience interpretation and theories surrounding ‘active audience’. Word: 940

Narative Report for Tourism Students Ojt free essay sample

Job Training (OJT) is the most old, common but effective way to train every individual student in order to enhance their skills, knowledge and not only to their actual skills but also to their mental and physical abilities. For there to be able to know their strength and weaknesses, and their social ability to communicate to their co-workers/co-trainees and especially if they doing so their given task and if they also follow the rules and regulations of the company that they are working with. These are the feeling when you entered to a life on an on-the Job Training (OJT) trainee mixed up emotions like excited and confuse. Back from the start like I were a newbie entering the tertiary level. I am so excited because I will meet new friends, classmates, and new professors. And also I am excited because this is the last level of my educational career. We will write a custom essay sample on Narative Report for Tourism Students Ojt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Like the first time I’ll go on my training I am so nervous nor excited, I am nervous because I don’t have any experience in working on the travel agencies and also I don’t know how to do their job, I am excited because I know in this training I will gain a lot of knowledge and skills on booking, reconfirmation, and extended on the visa of the customer/passenger. Working on the travel agencies thought me lot things, how to communicate to the customer/passenger, the right way of answering the call, and how to fix the problem without help of others. My on-the-job training exposes me to the real scenario of life and the decisions making as I encounter the real life problem, this training are very helpful to me as a student because it prepared me on my future job, April 2 This is the first day of my on-the-job training (OJT) on AIRMARK TRAVEL AND TOURS but the facility doesn’t fit to us because the three of us sharing in a single table and we can’t do properly our given task due to small place of working area. That’s why we decided to transfer to another agency the AIRMARK TRAVEL AND TOURS found out that SWAGGY TRAVEL is willing to accept trainees. April 5 sThis is the first day of my On-the-Job Training (OJT) in SWAGGY TRAVEL. When we entered to the agency we feel that we are so welcome because the employees are so kind to us. At first, they taught us how do they book a â€Å"fly the bus† we also have mentor who will guide us on our given task named ma’am Tin she taught us everything about the time of arrival and departure of the busses. She’s also taught to us on what we should do the clients that who wants to be reserve on the bus. The most important things we should consider when we book a client is to focus and listen carefully because one single mistake happen it will affect to the reputation of the agency At this day, I learned a lot of things happen on the SWAGGY TRAVEL agency especially there processes. Second day of our OJT this is the first time I answered a phone call of a clients requesting for booking. And then ma’am Jamie taught us how to use an abacus for booking a customer. And then I book again another client. Third day of our OJT a lot of foreigner’s client requesting for booking them on the fly the bus and then I realized that fly the bus is popular on Angeles and on Manila. Fourth day of our OJT this day I’ll book a fly the bus there’s nothing change , same as the third day of my OJT there’s a lot of booking almost going to Manila because the other passengers have a flight International / domestic at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA). This day is not yet so busy sometimes there’s a customer’s came by they want to extend their VISA and the other wants to reconfirm there flight to the airline. And we are double time because this day is holiday. Fifth day, this day I’ll book a fly the bus, we don’t have a lot of passengers today, there’s a few passengers came by and they inquire about their visa, passport, and also on their ticket that they want to reconfirm. But even though we don’t have a lot of customers, that is ok to us because this day are the day of our mentor Mrs. Kristine Mendoza we surprise her today we buy a cake and one balloon, we thought that she will not appreciate that surprise but we are wrong she’s so very appreciate that, after that she buy a food in the KFC and she treated as, we are so happy today. Sixth day, of my OJT as usual we are booking a fly the bus and also ma’am jaymee told me that I need to reconfirm the ticket of the Pax, I am so very nervous and also I am so cold, and that is the first time I will doing that. I don’t know how to start it, but still I need to reconfirm it, and I’ll start dialed the phone Number of the Cathai pacific, at that time we are on the hold, after 2 hours of dialing Cathai pacific still don’t answer the call, and then ma’am jaymee told me that I’ll just reconfirm that tomorrow because its already 5’oclock. Seventh day, I thought this day I will reconfirm the Cathai pacific Flight but ma’am jaymee already reconfirm that because the pax called to the office, but still I’ll reconfirm at the Emerates airline, when I was on the hold my hearts beats fast, I really don’t know what to do. After 5mns the emerates answer the call, and I said hello ma’am this is from the swaggy travel and then I gave the details of the ticket of the passenger and the reconfirmation code, after I’ll gave all the details of the ticket of the passenger I ask the name of the person that I talked. Because ma’am jaymee told us that we need to get the name of the person that I talked. Eight day, this day we don’t have a lot of customers came by at the swaggy travel but we have receives a lot of calls from the fly the bus almost of the customers wants to book at April 13 at 12pm at the other hotel like Clarkton Hotel, Phoenix hotel, Kokomos Hotel, and many more.

Road Clears for Calcium Chlori essays

Road Clears for Calcium Chlori essays Calcium chloride is used for such things as dust control, road deicing, and to assist in oil and gas drilling. It is easily manufactured for a variety of sources; underground brines in Michigan, a by-product of hydrochloric acid streams, and soda ash can harbor calcium chloride. For years the market was supplied by three major manufactures- Dow Chemical, General Chemical, and Tetra Technologies- all of which produce such a high-volume that it creates oversupply and poor prices. These companies already produced roughly 1.5 million tons per year and out of that only about 1 million tons are used. In 1995, Ambar Incorporated decided that they were going to enter the calcium chloride market. They spent over $60 million on supplies and opened behind schedule in 1997. Then North America experienced the warm and low precipitation winters in 1999 and 2000, there was an incredibly low demand for calcium chloride and the company failed. The loss has not been felt by the other companies yet, for the production level this year was low. There have also been cutbacks which are reducing the amount of calcium chloride produced from hydrochloric acid. This is not good for the makers of calcium chloride, for higher prices would hurt the amount they can put into their feedstock. Also Shell Chemicals which supplies Tetra with their by-product stream is working on making that stream more acidic so it can be sold more as acid, a market where there is more money available. Tetra is still negotiating to stay on the site, but are not worried for their other facilities could support the needed output. General Chemical, bases their calcium chloride operation in the largest facility in North America, there they coproduce soda ash and calcium chloride. Although many facilities used to dot across North America, when natural soda ash was found in the 1940s in Wyoming the price was so low that competitors ...

International Law - Design an improved system of International law Essay

International Law - Design an improved system of International law - Essay Example The international law has a defined mandate, with its key priorities including the promotion of peace, justice, ecological stability and economic wellbeing. Although there are concerted efforts exhibited by different nations towards the promotion of these values, it is evident that some issues still require critical addressing. it is worth mentioning that some states have acted in ways that reflect a feeling of being constrained by the international law during times when they needed to develop their own intervention strategies when under threat. The international law also proves to be a disadvantage to some countries because they are not members of the intergovernmental organizations that formulate policies that define international law. Evidently, a design for an improved system of the international is an urgent requirement. This paper will focus on describing how the value of peace can be improved. Definition of Peace Peace is one of the critical representative values defined as a leading hallmark of the international law. However, for a long time, the usage of the term peace has denoted different aspects. Many scholars have used the term peace repeatedly, but have not taken much time to address its definition as they have done with words that for a long time have been used to denote the opposite condition such as violence and war. The term denotes a range of concepts depending on the context of its usage. Its usage in an integrated cultural-religious system, cross-cultural or secular context exhibits a level of variance in the concept denoted. However, in each of these different contexts, the usage of the term serves to place emphasis on one of the central principles that govern what many people define as peace (Bowett 67). The term peace has a Greek origin, and is the English translation for the Greek word Irene, which denoted the ‘absence of war’. In the western context, the term peace denotes the absence of any form of violence, but with a co mmon reference to the lack of war. Peace denotes the condition that reigns at the conclusion of war, and that is defined by the emergence of a new level of interactions. This condition usually results in a state of order, law, or power as used in different cultural contexts. Other people use the term to describe the condition that reigns when the society is free from any form of conflict, discord, or revolution (Bowett 89). Philosophers such as Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein insinuated that peace was on a higher level than the ‘absence of discord, war, and conflict as many people have explained. According to these philosophers, peace denotes a condition defined by both law and order. In the international sense, prevailing of peace only occurs if states are not indulging in a struggle that involves military interactions. States exhibit peace amongst themselves when they indulge in diplomatic ventures, varied interactions, and depict power balance systems. The condition de fined by limited or no interaction also passes for peace. Other informed authors have also placed emphasis on the passive nature of peace. If countries exhibit a level of concord in the way they interact, it serves as evidence that they are peaceful. In cases where countries have defined their interactions by

Christianity and the world at large Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christianity and the world at large - Essay Example Its main aim can be summarized in the following ways: 1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes; 2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax; 3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance; 4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels; 5. Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly; 6. Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State; 7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State, the bringing into cultivation of waste-lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan; 8. Equal liability of all to work and establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture; 9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries, gradual abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the populace over the c ountry; and 10. Free education for all children in public schools, abolition of children's factory labor in its present form and combination of education with industrial production (http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm).3 Since communism is against any form of subjugation, the Church is considered its enemy for a church has leaders, even a hierarchy of elders who would oversee the flock and make sure that no one goes astray. Charles Darwin's teaching of Natural Selection is anchored on the principle of preservation. According to him, natural selection, "on the principle of qualities being inherited at corresponding ages, can modify the egg, seed, or young, as easily as the adult."4 Plainly speaking, this...The likes of Abraham Lincoln and George Washington led the United States of America anchoring on Biblical truths and Christianity as a whole. America still looks back and acknowledges that some of the glorious past of this country were under the leadership of these two figures.Christianity in general should put itself in its proper place and not quarrel with other people insisting only on what it thinks is right. The first step is accepting that people of all ages and nations vary in many ways and one of these is their belief and principle in life. By learning to accept others the way they are leads to a better understanding of why they are so different and why they behave in the way they do. Having a n open mind can lead to less prejudice and judgmental spirit. The second step is respect. Since people are free to choose what they should believe in, Christianity should not impose on others what it thinks is right or wrong. In other words, to respect other’s religious conviction will lead to a more harmonious relationship. It has been said that man is not supposed to do to others what he does not want others to do to him. In this way, if Christianity seeks respect, it should also respect others. Finally, Christianity must not cease to be vigilant. It should continue to be a watchdog, a spiritual eye to the government and the nation as a whole. Although it may not force itself, its very presence will shed light to the world around it and will lead others to know the difference.

The Preservation Of Heritage Properties History Essay

The Preservation Of Heritage Properties History Essay The preservation of heritage properties is an important undertaking. It is so important that even the United Nations has set up a subsidiary responsible for this purpose called the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. This organization declares cultural sites from around the world as being protected in order to preserve global heritage. Similarly, Canada has organizations that are dedicated to the preserving national heritage. This function is important because this helps foster a strong sense of national identity. Another reason these sites are preserved are to encourage tourism. Canadian history is important to all Canadians and all the other nationalities that live in Canada. The stories that are told by these structures do not always depict Canada in a positive light, but that is not the point. They are important because they are the reason we are where we are and without them we would lose a critical element of our identity. Heritage sites need to ac tively be preserved so that they do not fall into disrepair, this means that funds need to be allocated towards this and the money for these programs come from Canadian tax dollars. As we all pay for the maintenance of these structures, we all has a financial vested interest in their maintenance in addition to our national pride. Organizations that have the specific purpose of maintaining heritage sites are needed because these sites need to be protected from incursion, in the same fashion that natural preserves need to be protected from human encroachment. As a citys population density increases so too does the threat that these heritage sites may be erased to cope with the expanding population. Exacerbating the issue of space is the fact that many of these structures are on prime real estate. This must cause conflicts with city developers who would much rather have buildings that foster economic growth built in the place of these culturally significant structures. Politics The political impetus that lead to the creation of Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada was initially given by Canadas first commissioner of national parks James Bernard Harkin. In addition to preventing corporations mining resources from national parks, it was his recommendation that lead to the creation of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada in 1919. The organizations role was to advise the Canadian Minister of the Environment about sites that are of national interest. The current political landscape with respect to Canadian heritage is very diverse. The organizations that are responsible for preserving these heritage sites are differentiated on the level of government that they represent. The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC) is the federal organization that is responsible for promoting and showcasing Canadian heritage sites. Their mandate is very narrow, unlike other Canadian organizations (mainly provincial and municipal), the HSMBC is no t provided the power that would allow it to preserve the national sites in question. The HSMBC plays more of an advisory role in this respect; they take a more laissez fair approach to the problem. The HSMBC itself says that they are there to bring cultural sites to the attention of the Canadian public and to the provincial and municipal authorities that have the legal power to preserve these sites. The aforementioned body of the United Nations UNESCO, plays a similar role in Canada. There are sites in Canada that have been declared as belonging to a group of world heritage sites and while the United Nations has very limited powers pertaining to the preservation of these sites. At the municipal level there are public organizations like the city of Torontos Heritage Preservation Services whose mandate is to advise the city council on matters that are important to the citys historic cultural sites. On the provincial level there are organizations like the Ontario Heritage Foundation w hich is tasked with identifying, preserving and promoting sites of cultural importance in Ontario. The Ontario Heritage Act is the legal framework that empowers Heritage organizations in Ontario to preserve the sites that are deemed to be culturally and historically important. This Act gave the power to provincial and municipal governmental bodies the right to designate specific areas as being culturally integral to Canadas identity. The act limits the rights of the owners of the properties that are designated as heritage sites. They are only able to alter the site or demolish it with the appropriate permission from the local municipality. This is the highly controversial part of the Act. In a democracy where property rights are for the most part assured it is unconventional to prevent an individual from doing what they like to their own property within reason. The Act seems to mirror the notwithstanding clause in the Canadian constitution. This clause is used by the government to infringe upon the rights given to Canadian citizens by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms when doing so will serve the greatest good. Similarly, the Ontario Heritage Act inconveniences and limits the rights of the owners of historic structures so that they may be of the most benefit to all Canadian citizens. It is because of this that all Canadians have an interest in the preservation of these structures. The individuals against these policies are typically the individuals who own the properties that fall under the restrictive laws. One of the groups that have arisen to encourage the preservation of sites in Toronto is the Toronto Historical Association. They are composed entirely of volunteers and serve to educate the public about their efforts and to showcase the areas that are of interest. They also claim to provide mayoral candidates with a public forum which helps the organization lobby its case. The volunteer organization is only able to influence events because of its fundraising abilities; it provides workshops for its members that teach them how to perform this essential role. Workshops are also held to train members on how to organize their efforts and on how to communicate to their community to garner support. The organization also teaches its members to leverage their political position by writing letters, meeting with local politicians, resident groups and scheduling appearances before government committees. The Toronto Historical Association encourages their members to help mobilize the public by i nforming them and helping them find information about their family history and issues about land registration. Members also perform a number of volunteer services for the community, including but not limited to tours and heritage walks. The law was on side of the individuals who owned the heritage sites designated by the municipality or province. The law initially was not as severe towards these people as it is now. In its original form the law did not require a property owner to abide by the municipalitys or provinces wishes. The law only required the individual with the property rights to wait for six months and attend meetings with city representatives so that everyone could come to an amicable solution. The laws was created with the best of intentions as the government did not seek to snatch the rights away from these individuals so they only created a period within which the owners would be required to listen to reason. Instead of having its intended effect all the law did was to postpone the destruction or alteration of heritage sites. The proprietors would just have to wait out the 180 days and they would be free to legally do whatever they wanted with their property. On observing this the provincial governme nt of Ontario decided that they needed to give the law teeth. They made it so that the proprietor would not be allowed to do as they wished once the time had lapsed and that a settlement needed to be reached for the owner to make modifications to the protected building. It is difficult for these individuals because they are placed in a precarious position by the law and because of the unwanted attention such a position would bring. Intergovernmental Relations The federal government is responsible for the overall direction that the heritage organizations in Canada take. Heading the Canadian position on heritage sites is the Minister of Canadian Heritage. His job is to support Canadian media, arts, heritage and sport. These responsibilities are somewhat overlapped with the Minister of the Environment who is also responsible for the maintenance of heritage sites. They are the ones who are able to designate sites as being culturally or historically sensitive. Following this the government gives the power to the province in the form of acts that are designed to give the provinces the power they need to deal with these problems themselves. The provinces in turn give their municipalities powers not dissimilar from those at the federal level. At the municipal level the municipal government has bodies that are able to assign sites of interest as being heritage sites; they typically follow the direction set out by the ministers but are able to actu ally stop an individual from modifying or destroying a site of cultural heritage. Once this is done the provincial department is the one that has the ultimate say in the matter. When the proprietor of the property in question appeals the decision made by the municipal board they are appealing to the provincial board. When this committee makes their decision, it is ultimately this decision that is enforced. Federal policies set the stage for the provincial and municipal authorities to act. It would be foolish to think that the federal level of influence would end here, there is undoubtedly a significant amount of political pressure exerted from the ministers and their offices and this must make it to the top of the priority list on the provincial and municipal levels. While this may seem odd, it would be a very practical measure as losing some of the more important sites could become a source of national embarrassment. Both the Toronto and Ontario Heritage conservation bodies are des igned to make full use of the laws that are made available to them, the most notable of which is the Ontario Heritage Act. Case Analysis Toronto is a city that is known for its cosmopolitan nature and its deep rooted artistic culture. It is home to the Toronto Opera House, innumerable other vocal artist studios, painting galleries, dance studios and even a plethora of restaurants. The Heritage Preservation Services (HPS) are responsible for the preservation of buildings that are important to Torontonian and Canadian heritage. It is part of the citys planning division and is responsible for the preservation of over 8,000 different properties. This organization is even empowered by the Ontario Heritage Act enough that it is able to designate entire areas as being Heritage Conservation Districts. In an effort to be more amenable to the property owner affected by HPS decisions, Heritage Easement Agreements are made between property owners and the city. These contracts identify parts of a building that are to be retained undamaged regardless of the owners improvements or alterations to the property. In addition the laws th at designate that a certain building need be conserved do not affect the title of the property. The owners are free to sell the property according to their wishes regardless of the status of their building. The city does provide grants for the owners of these historic properties that can pay for up to half the upkeep of said property. In addition to this, the owners are also eligible for a for tax benefits that can provide up to 40% relief from municipal taxes. These funds are set up to mitigate the negative and authoritarian impact of having property that the Heritage Preservation Services is interested in. An example of a structure that is protected by Torontos Heritage Preservation Services is the MacLean House located on 7 Austin Terrace. This house is a ten part rental unit that has been designated as a heritage site by HPS. The owner o the site wanted to demolish the building and sent an application to do so to the city. Upon the advice of HPS the city council denied the acquiescing to the owners wishes. John Bayne Maclean  lived in this home until his death, he was responsible for founding Canadas MacLeans magazine and the Financial Post. City staff was employed to ensure that the house did not suffer from neglect after the rulings that ensured the structure stayed in good condition. The importance given to the house is mainly due to the people that were involved in the history of the building. The publishing company founded by John Bayne Maclean  was the largest of its kind, not only in Canada, but in the entire commonwealth. John M. Lyle was the architect of this building an d he was responsible for the building of notable structures, including the Royal Alexandra Theatre. In 1922 He won the Gold Medal of Honor from the Ontario Association of Architects on account of the design he made for the Thornton-Smith Building. Thornton went on to become the president of the Art Gallery of Ontario. MacLean and Lyle were two of Toronto societys key figures. Their efforts have helped to make indelible marks on Toronto culture and even Canada itself. The building itself was constructed in 1910 making the building over a hundred years old. The notice declaring 7 Austin Terrace a heritage site came on January 27th last year. The notice informed the landlord that if they objected to the buildings designation as a heritage site that they should appeal this within thirty days of the notice. Despite having rejected the owners application for demolition, neither the city council nor the Heritage Preservation Services have the absolute right to deny all landlords the right to demolish heritage sites. They have to comply with applications depending on the owners proposal for the structure that will replace the building to be demolished and have to be in line with city bylaws. In the case of the MacLean house the application was to build a smaller housing unit and this was rejected by the city council as it was not in keeping with the neighborhood. This was in addition to the status given to the site by the HPS. Recommendations While the Toronto procedure for maintaining its cultural integrity is well thought out, there are still problems with this system. The first problem that comes to mind is the authoritarian nature of the current system. Under the current management, the owner is told that the building is a heritage site and has thirty days to appeal this label. Following that the owner has to file for permission by the city council to make modifications to this property. Instead of telling the owner what the situation is through a letter the government should have to send a representative to meet with the individual and discuss the issue with them. Following this if an agreement cannot be reached then more authoritarian measures should be taken. The point of this change would be to place the onus of change solely on the shoulders of the city. The owner is a single individual and should not be expected to carry the burden of having to appeal to the city to change the designation of the property that wa s legally bought. The owner should be able to meet with a city representative and explain to them that they want to appeal the citys classification of the property and the representative should be the one who has the responsibility to file the appeal. This would ensure that the proprietor wouldnt have the additional expense of requiring a lawyer to draft a letter or the inconvenience of having to waste time pushing the paperwork through the system. The city has provisions by which they are able to give certain monetary allowances to the owners of the homes that are inconvenienced by the city. In the interests of evenhandedness the city council should readily make this financial relief available for those that are inconvenienced by the city instead of having them apply for it. The province did well to retain the final authority on the matter as this prevents individual interests from competing on a level playing field with the interests of the nation as a whole. While it is true that the maintenance of an individuals rights are critically important for the functioning of any democratic nation, it is also true that there are times (not often) when these rights need to be set aside for the greater good. an example of this would be in the building of a bridge, if there are owners of the houses that are in the way of such a construction then they are compensated but for all practical purposes forcefully evicted from their homes so that society can benefit from the construction of the bridge. It is the same concept when it comes to heritage and cultural identity. When the presence of a building or even district serves a cultural and historic purpose, it would be ill advised to squander this based on the whims of the individual who owns the property. Any municipality would benefit from adopting many of the policies set in place by the Toronto municipality as they try to balance the individuals rights alongside those of the nation. While the nation should ultimately preserve its physical history, it should not trample the rights of its citizens in the process. The few alterations that should be made to these rules are to placate the injured party, which in this case always happens to be the individual who owns the property whose rights are being narrowed. If the municipality wishes for a structure to be maintained against the wishes of its rightful owner, the city should have to bear a significant portion of the costs associated with the upkeep of the property it has set its eyes on. The money that is required for this should come from donations and tax dollars as is the current arrangement made by the city of Toronto. History is important because it brings us all together and this is a cornerstone of nationhood that should be pro tected by every country and culture. http://www.toronto.ca/heritage-preservation/index.htm http://www.pc.gc.ca/eng/clmhc-hsmbc/ressources-resources/protection.aspx http://www.heritagefdn.on.ca/ http://www.nationalpost.com/Fight+stop+Hearn+demolition/3978609/story.html http://www.toronto.ca/involved/statutorynotices/archive2010/jan/hl_012710.htm is to preserve structures and monuments that are important to the history of the Canadian nation, these monuments would otherwise be neglected, or even worse, they would be destroyed to make way for housing or other building projects.

The Biography of Absalom Jones and Richard Allen Essay -- Race in Amer

The union and biography of Absalom Jones and Richard Allen is a unique tale. Nonetheless, when we think of major influences in black history theirs is not amongst the names that readily come to mind. When discussing great advocates for equality and rights for the African Americans, names such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, and other prominent advocates widely televised are thought about. But seldom, if ever, are we are we told the tale of two seemingly distant African-American men, who unite for a similar cause and later leave one of the most important impacts made in the city of Philadelphia. Although Jones and Allen were not popular as other well-known leaders, their background story is much more distinctive. Both born into slavery in Delaware, living just a few hours away from each other, they both eventually earned their suffrage and began their own lives. But as providence would have it their individuality was much more entwined than they knew. Absalom Jones a nd Richard Allen were great men who were able to transform their lives from bondage to founders of great establishments and principal figures amongst Philadelphia’s African- American community. Absalom Jones was born into slavery in Delaware, Sussex County on November 1746. Jones and his family served Benjamin Wynkoop who was a well known merchant. Due to his illiteracy, Jones sought to teach himself how to read and write by spending his allowances on spelling books and reading materials. Well into his childhood Jones was separated from his mother and six other siblings, but Wynkoop chose to keep Jones. This serves as an opportunity for Jones to begin earning wages and was given permission to attend a school set up for African-Americans. Into 17... ...ractices in Pennsylvania.† CommonwealthofPennsylvania, February 21, 2012, http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/community/18326/religion/673925 â€Å"Richard Allen.† Christianitytoday , August 8, 2008, http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/denominationalfounders/richardallen.html â€Å"A Narrative of the Proceedings of the Black People... â€Å" PBSOnline, February 21, 2012 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3h456.html Dean Kevin, â€Å"Saints of the Week.† EpicospalCathedral.org, last modified February 20, 2012, http://www.episcopalcathedral.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=73 Scott Miltenberger, â€Å"Absalom Jones.† OxfordUniversityPress, February 21, 2012 www2.oxfordaasc.com/article/opr/t0004/e0320 â€Å"Mother Bethel AME Church.† IndependenceHallAssociation, February 21, 2012, www.ushistory.org/tour/mother-bethel.htm

Critical Issues Paper Essay

This paper will discuss the technology used in policing and how technology enhances or detracts from police organizations’ ability to function. Then, I would like to discuss the examples of less-than-lethal weapons and how less-than-lethal weapons affect policing in today’s society In addition, example of dangers faced by police and how police organizations address these dangers. In the 1900s when policing was created they had to face many issues to make sure that they handle lowering crime rates. Those were desperate times for policemen in a hostile country with unpaved streets and uneven sidewalks, sometimes miles from the police station, with little prospects of assistance in case of need. It took nerve to be a policeman in those days. The first use of technology in policing was cars, radios, computers, and firearms. If it were not for the creation of technology in 1900s police departments would have a very hard time to stop all the crimes that were being created. So in 1960 the Crime Commission was established. Today in the 21st Century there are many new kinds of technology used in policing and one is being created for the â€Å"future cops† which decreases the dangerous high-speed chases with criminals is the StarChase System. The StarChase system is a laser guided GPS tracking system that is launched from the front grill of the squad car and guided by a laser-light. The police departments would find ways on how to prevent and solve crimes with the use of technology. Only in recent years have many agencies found the use of information technologies significantly helpful. Some examples of these technology uses include fingerprinting databases, computerized crime mapping, and records management systems doing everything from inventorying property and cataloging evidence to calculating solvability factors. Police Agencies in modern society are a part of the American fabric to serve and protect the American public. The United States currently have more than 15,000 police agencies, (Walker & Katz, 2002). Police Departments across the United States face similar critical issues policing. All police officers face dangers in the job of policing the dangers can emanate from internal and external origins. Police officers have continued to evolve to serve communities by finding better less than lethal alternatives to weapons used. In addition, police departments have continued to keep up with modern technology to assist them with information storage and acquisition while in the field. Department of Homeland Security was also developed to assist Federal, State and Local law enforcement agencies with information sharing to prevent linkage blindness which was prevalent before the 9/11 attacks on the United States. There has been a major push in several areas of policing to make policing more efficient with regards to information access and safer for the officers, suspects, and communities. Police officers place themselves in danger every day. Danger is an inherent condition and circumstance of the job of serving and protecting the public. Police officers are injured and some have been killed in the line of duty enforcing the law and defending the justice system. The job of a police officer is to protect the life and safety of others, which means placing themselves at risk while performing their duties. Police training can lead to success of police officer preventing or limiting dangerous situations by anticipating and de-escalating the situations before they become elevated. There are additional dangers such as effects of stress. Law enforcement agencies use many different technology instruments to prevent and investigate criminal activity. These instruments assist officers to do their duties faster and more efficient than in the past. Information technology instruments, advanced weapons technology instruments, and crime analysis technology instruments are used to assist law enforcement officers to provide serve to their communities. Information technology includes database and information instruments, computer- aided dispatch instruments, record management system instruments, and mobile computing instruments. Computerized relational databases instruments gather and store information on suspects and convicted criminals and are used for management purposes, such as tracking the number and types of arrest that officers make and the number of complaints against an officer. An example of computerized relational databases are use by law enforcement are when the officer makes a traffic stop and runs the drivers information, such as name , date of birth , and driver license number , to determine if the driver has any warrants of arrest. Another example of computerized relational databases is the registration of sex offenders, sex offenders in most states have to give law enforcement agencies any change of address. Computer-aided dispatch instruments offer faster and more effective methods of communicating with law enforcement officers than in the past . Computer-aided 911 and the 311 dispatch systems helps dispatchers and law enforcement officers to prioritize calls for service. It also enhances law enforcement officer’s safety by monitoring the officer’s status, it alerts dispatchers to officers who have not updated their field status. Records management system instruments are used to input and organize information from different types of reports in one easy to access format.

The Current Situation Of Oil - 2316 Words

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